AI based Novel Target Identification Based on Biological Activity Profiles, towards Drug Repurposing

Authors

• B Xue
• Y Xu
• R Huang
• Q Zhu

Abstract

Rare diseases affect more than 300 million individuals, with the majority facing limited treatment options, elevating the urgency to innovative therapeutic solutions. Addressing these medical challenges necessitates an exploration of novel treatment modalities. Among these, drug repurposing emerges as a promising avenue, offering both potential and risk mitigation. By repurposing approved drugs, we can expedite the pace of alternative therapeutic application discovery. To achieve this goal, we primarily focused on developing predictive models that harness cutting-edge computational techniques to uncover latent relationships between gene targets and chemical compounds towards drug repurposing. Building upon our previous investigation, where we successfully identified gene targets for compounds based on clusters of activity profiles generated from the Tox21 in vitro assays, our endeavor expanded to a systematic prediction of potential targets for drug repurposing employing machine learning (ML) models built on diverse algorithms such as Support Vector Classifier (SVC), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). These models were trained on comprehensive biological activity profile data to predict the relationship between 143 gene targets and over 6000 compounds. Our models demonstrated high accuracy (>0.75), with predictions further validated by experimental results. Furthermore, several findings were evaluated via case studies. By systematically elucidating these connections, we aim to streamline the drug repurposing process, ultimately catalyzing the discovery of more effective therapeutic interventions for rare diseases.

Scientific Focus Area: Molecular Pharmacology

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